What to Pack for the Mountains

In the mountains, there is no such thing as bad weather, only inappropriate clothing. The difference between a wonderful day and a miserable, even dangerous one, often comes down to what you have in your backpack.

The weather here can change in an instant, with warm sun giving way to cold rain, wind, or even a summer snow flurry. The secret to staying comfortable and safe is not one big jacket, but a system of smart layers that you can adapt to any condition.

The Core Concept: A Flexible Layering System

This system allows you to adapt to changing conditions by adding or removing clothing. Think of it as a minimum kit to carry. On cold days, many more layers may be required for safety, such as adding both a fleece and a puffy jacket as multiple mid-layers. Avoid cotton, as it absorbs moisture and stays cold.

Base Layer: This is what’s next to your skin. Its job is to wick sweat away to keep you dry and comfortable. A t-shirt or long-sleeved shirt made of merino wool or a synthetic fabric is ideal.
Mid Layer: This is your insulation. Its job is to trap your body heat to keep you warm. A fleece jacket or a lightweight puffy down/synthetic jacket is perfect.
Shell Layer: This is your protection from the elements. It should be a waterproof and windproof jacket (and sometimes pants) that can fit over your other layers. This is your primary shield against wind and rain.

You might start a hike in just your base layer, add the mid layer as you gain elevation, and then put on the shell if the wind picks up. This adaptability is key.

Bear Spray: A Non-Negotiable Item

If you plan on venturing onto any quiet or longer trails, bear spray is a must. Grizzly and Black bears may be encountered anywhere in the area, from the lakeshore to high alpine passes. This is their home, and we are visitors.

Bear spray is your most effective tool in the rare event of a negative encounter. Know how to use it, and carry it somewhere immediately accessible (like a hip holster, not buried in your backpack). Some businesses in Lake Louise and Banff rent or sell bear spray.

The Hiker’s Safety Net: The Ten Essentials

Hikers rely on a time-tested safety system known as the “Ten Essentials.” It’s wise to have these items in your pack even for short walks.

Navigation: A map, compass, or GPS device.
Headlamp: In case a hike takes longer than expected.
Sun Protection: Sunscreen, sunglasses, and a hat. The sun is stronger at high altitudes.
First Aid: A small, pre-made first-aid kit for blisters, scrapes, and stings.
Knife: A multi-tool is even better.
Fire: A lighter, waterproof matches, or a fire starter.
Shelter: An emergency blanket weighs almost nothing and can be a lifesaver.
Extra Food: A few extra energy bars could make a huge difference.
Extra Water: Or a filter/purifier to treat water from streams.
Extra Clothes: An extra insulating layer beyond what you plan to wear.

Your Essential Packing List

Clothing & Footwear

Broken-in Hiking Boots: Crucial for ankle support and grip on rocky, uneven trails. Never wear new boots on a long hike.
Wool/Synthetic Hiking Socks: They wick moisture to prevent blisters. Bring a spare pair–a dry sock change is a huge morale booster.
Hiking Pants or Shorts: Choose quick-drying synthetic material. Jeans get wet, cold, and heavy, and should be avoided on trails.
Warm Hat & Gloves: Yes, even in summer. Weather changes fast at elevation, and you lose a lot of heat through your head and hands.

Gear & Essentials

Backpack (20-30 litres): The ideal size for carrying your layers, water, food, and essentials for a day hike.
Bear Spray: Your primary safety tool. Carry it, and know how to use it.
The Ten Essentials: Your complete safety net, as listed above.
Reusable Water Bottle/Reservoir: You will need more water than you think at altitude. Aim for at least 1-2 litres per person.
Camera & Extra Battery: The cold air can drain batteries much faster than you expect. A spare is a good idea.